Besides the religion, what's the difference between Arabs and Jews, if they are the same people from the same part of the Middle East?

They are not the same people.

There is good reason why they bear distinctive names…

Besides, while the world “Jews” is both a religious and ethnic term, the word “Arab” is a cultural term.

Why do flat Earthers exist? Why can’t I see the Sun at night? Is it because Earth is not flat?

Jews are a part of the Western Civilization and adhere to Western values. Actually, a great deal of these values stem from Jewish ethics.

Pluralism - as defined by Cambridge dictionary: “the belief that the existence of different types of people within the same society is a good thing”

In a nutshell, the Arabs are the exact opposite…

I have been married for 34 years, and I found out my wife lied, and cheated a lot back before we got married. Does she not change, or is it possible she is still a cheater?

Positive social mobility - and back to Cambridge dictionary: “the ability to move from one level of society to another”, namely and in practical terms, the ability of any person of any social level to change his or her level, based on personal skills and ambition.

Liberalism - as defined by Merriam-Webster: “a political philosophy based on belief in progress and stressing the essential goodness of the human race, freedom for the individual from arbitrary authority, and protection and promotion of political and civil liberties.”

Israel, being a Jewish majority country (and because of this), is typified by:

Why do some films seem to date/age so badly?

Religion is far from being a major player in the Middle Eastern conflict and this follows the biggest difference between Jews and the peoples of the Middle East, colloquially named “Arabs.”